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Ultimately, environmental health is about changing behaviour.
And maybe it is time that the public health profession became
more sophisticated in the way this is achieved.
Historically, applying the criminal law or trying to educate
people were seen as the best ways to achieve change. Over
the last decade a "third way" has been emerging,
social marketing. Rather than dictating the way information
is presented to those they want to influence, public health
professionals have been learning to listen to the needs and
desires of target groups. Through in-depth research and constant
re-evaluation it is possible to understand behaviour and
so be better equipped to influence how people behave.
This is not rocket science. Business has been successfully
applying these ideas for decades to influence our behaviour
and buy products that we didn't even know we needed. The
public health community is now realising that the same marketing
principles could be used to "sell" ideas, attitudes
and behaviour. This is starting to be applied in the field
of health and safety, environmental protection, food safety,
nutrition and housing. In our cover story on page 8, we learn
that social marketing is being usefully applied around the
world to change behaviour towards skin cancer.
This is an area where EHPs working in the public sector
would do well to learn from their private sector colleagues.
Traditional marketing theory states there are four drivers
to changing consumer behaviour - product, price, place and
promotion, all equally important. Applying social marketing
theory to skin cancer, the product is changing behaviour,
the price is not having a tan, the place is where behaviour
needs to be changed, the beach or tanning salons and promotion
is about creating sustained demand for the product, through
sun safe campaigns, or media advocacy.
By using this model it quickly becomes clear that the price,
not having a tan is seen as too high. This, at heart, is
the battle that cancer awareness campaigns are struggling
to win. The cosmetic and travel industries are too powerful
and most of us are too enthralled by the idea of being tanned
because we feel better looking, sexier and, ironically, healthier.
In marketing terms this is the competition and as global
warming gets ever-more intense this relationship has to be
broken down if we are to seriously reduce rising skin cancer
rates, especially among the young.
This month EHJ also looks at two other emerging environmental
health issues. The number of people suffering food allergies
are on the increase. Some estimate that in 10 years' time
up to 40 per cent of the population are predicted to be food
intolerant or food allergic. Our story on page 12 looks at
what role EHPs have in helping sufferers avoid potential
attacks. And we revisit the issue of antisocial behaviour
orders. In the legal section an EHO gives advice about bringing
an Asbo on conviction, while on page 16 we unravel a bizarre
Asbo feud that caught the attention of the national media.
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