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EHJ May 2004, pages 133
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EHJ welcomes Nargis Kayani as a regular environmental
health columnist. She has over 16 years experience working
for inner and outer London local authorities as an EHP and
has worked in all the various disciplines of environmental
health. Nargis has written a range of articles and papers
and in March 2003 published a book on food deserts.
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Type in the phrase "child obesity" on any internet search engine
and you will be inundated with articles, reports and scientific
facts all warning of a cataclysmic rise in the obesity levels of
children. The chief medical officer's 2002 annual report states
that 8.5 per cent of six-year-olds and 15 per cent of 15-year-olds
are obese. Other reports warn that child obesity may mean many premature
deaths with parents soon outliving their children as a result. The
recent furore over whether to ban junk food advertising has added
to the debate.
While these figures are shocking I could not help but wonder: surely
children don't suddenly become obese at six and fifteen? Where and
when does it all start? I know from my own experience of children
that by the age of six, food likes and dislikes are pretty well
formed. If by the age of six they do not like vegetables and refuse
to eat them, no amount of banning food advertising is likely to
tempt them to start eating butternut squash croquets in preference
to chicken nuggets. Therein lies the conundrum.
It is apparent to me that child obesity is likely influenced by
dietary decisions made from day one. I have found at least one study
that suggests that obesity levels of breastfed children are much
lower than those that are bottle-fed.
Next comes weaning, which has its own pitfalls. Not all ready-made
baby food is as healthy as one may first be led to believe. For
example, yoghurts made from follow-on milk, suitable for babies
from four months onwards, contains added sugar. I have found only
one organic brand that is sugar free, which also happened to be
the most expensive. This spurred me to conduct a random survey of
ready-made baby foods in packets and jars. The results showed that
even organic brands for babies from seven months onwards almost
all contain large quantities of added sugar; the worst offender
was a packet of rice pudding containing 43 per cent sugar.
The answer appears obvious, only give your baby home cooked, nutritious
food. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles faced by parents that
prevent this happening. A lack of time, along with barriers faced
by parents trying to feed small children in public places. Shops
and restaurants are reluctant to heat up home cooked food. Most
will only let you warm unopened sterilised food or something purchased
on the premises. This is likely to contain excessive sugar and salt
and possibly a high fat content. Hardly shocking at all then that
by the age of six, 8.5 per cent of children are considered obese.
So, how do we prevent the, current, predictable path to obesity?
I would urge you all to promote the case for a food access strategy
through local authorities and by lobbying your MP. I firmly believe
that only by addressing the cost and availability of nutritional
food, better facilities for reheating home cooked food for younger
children in restaurants and cafs, better education for parents,
better food labelling and the positive marketing of healthier foods
all incorporated into a comprehensive strategy can we hope to reduce
child obesity.
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